Date of Graduation

Fall 5-16-2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Arts in International Studies (MAIS)

College/School

College of Arts and Sciences

Department/Program

International Studies

First Advisor

Nora Fisher Onar

Second Advisor

Adreinne Johnson

Abstract

This study examines whether symbols, particularly those associated with nationalism, can undergo transformation in meaning and be co-opted to represent ideas or values contrary to their original intent. To explore this question, the study employs the case of the Springbok emblem, a symbol historically linked to the South African national rugby team. Originally, the Springbok was closely associated with the apartheid regime, embodying Afrikaner nationalism, exceptionalism, and, by extension, White supremacy. However, in the post-apartheid era, there have been growing efforts to reimagine the Springbok symbol by promoting greater inclusivity within the national rugby team. These efforts aim to transform the emblem into a symbol of unity, reflecting the "rainbow nation" ideal championed by South African leaders in the wake of apartheid's demise.

This investigation is conducted through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Specifically, I analyze the racial composition of Springbok teams and South African professional rugby teams more broadly, examining changes over time. This analysis seeks to assess how shifts in racial representation align with the broader goals of transforming the sport to better reflect South Africa's diverse population. In addition, I conduct interviews with a range of stakeholders involved in or impacted by the transformation process. These include sports administrators, journalists, coaches, and prominent sports figures who possess in-depth knowledge of the internal dynamics of transformation efforts. Through these interviews, I aim to explore the perceived impacts, opportunities, weaknesses, and strengths of the transformation initiatives, highlighting areas of success as well as those requiring further attention.

This study, in a broader sense, investigates the intricate relationship between human society and the human psyche, emphasizing how societal structures and dynamics are fundamentally shaped by human cognition and agency. It focuses particularly on constructs such as identity and power, which are created, maintained, and adapted by human beings. By examining these constructs, the study seeks to illuminate the pivotal role of human agency in shaping the conditions of our existence, the organization of society, and our collective understanding of the world. Central to this exploration is the question of how individuals and communities can navigate and potentially transcend the limitations imposed by self-constructed frameworks. These frameworks, whether consciously or unconsciously established, can sometimes act as restrictive structures, perpetuating cycles of constraint and dependency. The study ultimately aims to advocate for a heightened awareness of our capacity to redefine, resist, or reimagine these limitations, thereby empowering individuals to exercise greater agency over their lives and environments.

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